An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a localized enlargement or bulge in the wall of the abdominal section of the aorta—the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Over time, this bulge can grow due to weakening of the artery wall and may eventually rupture if not detected and managed early, leading to life-threatening internal bleeding.

AAAs often develop silently, with no symptoms in the early stages. When symptoms do appear, they may include a pulsating feeling in the abdomen, back or abdominal pain, or a feeling of fullness. Risk factors include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and a family history of aneurysms.

Diagnosis is typically made through imaging such as ultrasound or CT scan. Treatment depends on the size and rate of growth of the aneurysm. Small aneurysms may be monitored regularly, while larger or symptomatic ones often require surgical repair, either through open surgery or minimally invasive endovascular techniques.

Early detection through screening—especially in men over 65 or those with risk factors—is crucial for preventing rupture and saving lives.