Arterial atherectomy is a minimally invasive procedure used to physically remove plaque buildup from the walls of an artery. It is typically performed in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), especially when the plaque is calcified or resistant to balloon angioplasty.

During the procedure, a specialized catheter with a cutting, shaving, or sanding device is inserted into the artery, usually through a small puncture in the groin. The device is guided to the blocked area, where it removes or debulks the atherosclerotic plaque, restoring blood flow without the need for open surgery.

Atherectomy may be used alone or in combination with angioplasty or stenting, depending on the severity and location of the blockage.