Arterial lithotripsy, also called intravascular lithotripsy (IVL), is an advanced minimally invasive technique used to treat severely calcified arteries. It involves using sound wave energy to break up hardened plaque in the artery wall, making it easier and safer to perform angioplasty or stent placement.

During the procedure, a specialized balloon catheter is inserted into the narrowed artery. Once positioned, it emits pulsed sonic pressure waves, similar to those used in kidney stone treatment. These waves fracture the calcium within the arterial wall without damaging surrounding soft tissue. After the calcium is disrupted, the artery can be more effectively expanded with a standard balloon or stent.

Arterial lithotripsy is particularly useful in peripheral artery disease (PAD) and in cases where conventional angioplasty may not work due to rigid, calcified blockages.